In a Dutch oven, heat 3 tablespoons oil over medium heat and brown the onions, garlic, and chicken. Add salt, pepper, turmeric, cinnamon, cardamom, and zest of 1 orange, and sauté for 1 minute.
Pour in water—1½ cups/360ml for chicken, 2½ cups/600ml for stew meat. Cover and simmer over low heat for 40 minutes for chicken or 1¼ hours for stew meat, stirring occas