If Italian viticulture has tended to follow its own course, with little attention paid to the practices of other countries, the same cannot be said of its oenology and winemaking practices. Indeed, substantial investments in cellar equipment have made Italian winemaking facilities some of the most modern in Europe, and Italians make equipment such as bottling lines that is some of the best, and most exported, in the world.

Chaptalization is forbidden but enrichment with concentrated grape must is permitted in some areas and within certain limits.