Kazakhstan: Modern viticulture

According to OIV figures Kazakhstan’s total vineyard area was 6,938 ha/17,144 acres in 2010 producing 172,00 hl/over 3.7 million gallons of wine (compared with 13,000 ha/32,120 acres producing 236,000 hl/over 6.2 million gal of wine in 2002). The active temperature summation varies from 1,800 °C in the north east to 4,500 °C in the south, and winters can be very cold. The annual rainfall is 700 to 1,000 mm/27–39 in in the Zaili and Talas Alatau but is as little as 100 to 150 mm (4–6 in) in some areas of the Aktobe region.