Chewy New York–Style Bagels

Name: Chewy New York–Style Bagels
Yield: Makes 8 bagels
Ingredients: ¼ cup (50 g) sugar; 1 teaspoon baking soda; 4 tablespoons (½ stick/56 g) unsalted butter, cold and diced; 1 teaspoon freshly ground white pepper; 2 large eggs; 1 teaspoon gluten-free active dry yeast; 2 tablespoons powdered milk; 2 tablespoons sugar; 1 tablespoon kosher salt; 2½ teaspoons gluten-free active dry yeast