Pimenta acris, is an evergreen tree native to West Africa and closely related to the West Indian, principally Jamaican, tree which produces allspice, and the West African tree which produces melegueta pepper. All these grow in the West Indies and some confusion arises between hay rum berries and leaves, known in the French islands as bois d’inde, and melegueta pepper known also as Guinea pepper or grains of paradise. Bay rum berries and melegueta peppercorns can be used interchangeably. There is no substitute.