Belgian endive

Species name: Cichorium intybus

As the name indicates, Belgian endive is native to Belgium and is also known as French endive or witloof. The plants are roughly 6 inches (15 cm) in length and possess a lightly colored, tubular-shaped head with many tightly bunched leaves. The leaves are slightly bitter in taste. Commercially grown endives are started in a field and harvested by machine before they are fully grown. The endives are then placed in sterile soil in stacked pallet boxes. Some growers prefer to use artificial soil because it allows for better drainage, with less chance of root rot or fungal diseases. The space and temperature within each box are carefully controlled and utilized. Once the shoots begin to grow, the roots are replanted into a second growing media for harvesting. Belgian endive is cultivated in this way so that when the shoot is finally cut from the root it will be clean and require no washing, saving time and labor. To maintain its creamy white coloring, the Belgian endive is grown in complete darkness. Belgian endives are used for salads and braising.