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Yeast Metabolism

Appears in
On Food and Cooking

By Harold McGee

Published 2004

  • About
Yeasts metabolize sugars for energy, and produce carbon dioxide gas and alcohol as by-products of that metabolism. The overall equation for the conversion that takes place in yeast cells is this:
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
(1 molecule of glucose sugar yields 2 molecules of alcohol plus 2 molecules of carbon dioxide)
In making beer and wine, the carbon dioxide escapes from the fermenting liquid, and alcohol accumulates. In making bread, both carbon dioxide and alcohol are trapped by the dough, and both are expelled from the dough by the heat of baking.

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