All eggs are large. All flour is all-purpose flour. Salt, unless specified, is kosher. All pepper is freshly ground. All butter is unsalted. All herbs are fresh. For oil, canola oil is an inexpensive, all-purpose cooking oil; vegetable oil is fine, grapeseed oil is preferable. Sugar is granulated unless otherwise specified. Staple vegetables (carrots, onions) and garlic are always peeled unless otherwise specified. All recipes include volume measurements, but learn to use a scale; weighing ingredients is the most accurate way to measure and will yield the most consistent results.