Meringue powder is a mix of dried egg whites, gum arabic (a natural sap from two species of acacia tree), cornstarch, citric acid, cream of tartar, and the mineral silica. Meringue powder has a superfine texture and clumps together easily. Its color ranges from white to a pale ochre.
Though it’s typically used to make meringues and specialized icings, gluten-free meringue powder is a great volumizer for a yeast dough. The acids and the egg whites help a gluten-free dough to rise up beautifully and avoid collapsing once it’s out of the oven. (And remember, egg white plays well with guar gum.)