Directory of Contributors

Polly Adema

Food Writer, Dallas, Texas

Foodways

Ken Albala

Department of History, University of the Pacific

Academic-Oriented Food Series; Buckwheat; Cheese: Artisanal Cheese Movement

Marcus Aldredge

Department of Sociology, Iona College

Hospital Food

Kelly Alexander

Food Writer and Editor, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Paddleford, Clementine

Gary Allen

Empire State College

Armour, Philip Danforth; Cannibalism; Chile; Crab Boils; Cream Cheese; Food Periodicals (appendix); Food Websites (appendix); Game Birds; Ginger Family; Google and Food; Herbs; Mint Family; Mustard Family; Onion Family; Parsley Family; Prepared Herb and Spice Mixtures; St. Patrick’s Day; Sinclair, Upton; Slaughterhouses; Spices, Sweet

Jean Anderson

Cookbook Author and Journalist

Food Processors

Hea-Ran L. Ashraf

Cookbook Author and Journalist

Food Processors

Josephine Bacon

Writer, Editor, and Translator, London

Chickpeas; June, Jennie; Olives; Partridge; Passover; Pastrami; Salsify; Squash

Virginia K. Bartlett

Independent Scholar, Hingham, Massachusetts

Cookbooks: Manuscript Cookbooks; Food Periodicals (appendix); Leslie, Eliza; Periodicals

Linda Bassett

Department of Culinary Arts and Food Service, North Shore Community College

Howard Johnson; Johnson, Howard

Ilona Baughman

Boston University

Boston

Amy Bentley

Department of Food Studies, New York University

Historical Overview: World War II; Stewart, Martha

Jennifer Schiff Berg

Department of Food Studies, New York University

Egg Cream

Rynn Berry

Author of Food for the Gods: Vegetarianism and the World’s Religions

Animal Rights; Fletcherism; North American Vegetarian Society; Rawfoodism; Veganism; Vegetarianism

Cynthia D. Bertelsen

Culinary Historian and Freelance Writer

Vongerichten, Jean-Georges

Linda Murray Berzok

Independent Scholar, New York

Dairy; Fusion Food; Jell-O Molds; Obesity: Historical Overview; Southeast Asian American Food

Marian Betancourt

Food Writer, Brooklyn, New York

Cheese, Moldy; Cuba Libre; Hearts of Palm; Moxie; Scandinavian and Finnish American Food: Finnish Pulla (sidebar); Snapple

Charlotte Biltekoff

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis

Quaker Oats Man

Daniel R. Block

Department of Geography, Chicago State University

Butter; Buttermilk; Dairy Industry; Milk: Overview

Lauren Bloomberg

Independent Scholar, New York

Crepes; New Orleans; Pierogies; Swedish Meatballs

Henry Bonner

Food Writer

Crab Cakes

Anne L. Bower

Independent Scholar, Vermont

Cookbooks: Community Cookbooks

Melanie Bower

Food Writer and Editor, New York City

South American Foods: Andean/Pacific Coast South America (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile); South American Foods: Northern (Colombia, Venezuela)

Andrea Branchini

Food Writer, New York City

Romanian American Food

Barrett P. Brenton

Department of Anthropology, St. John’s University, Jamaica, New York

Food Stamps; Health Food; Hunger Programs; International Aid; Organic Food

Alan S. Brody

Department of History and Art History, George Mason University

Food Courts; Hard Rock Café; Restaurants: Themed Restaurants

Christina Bronsing

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Sustainability

Robert W. Brower

Chef and Attorney, California

Adulteration; Food and Drug Administration; Good Housekeeping Research Institute; Kellogg Company; Law: Overview; Molasses; North American Free Trade Agreement; Pasties; Pizza; Pizzerias; Saltwater Taffy; Valentine’s Day

Thomas Burford

Orchard and Nursery Consultant, Monroe, Virginia

Apples; Myths and Folklore: Johnny Appleseed (sidebar)

Leigh Chavez Bush

Department of Anthropology, Indiana University

Cuban Black Bean Soup; Resort Food

Joseph M. Carlin

Independent Food Writer, Massachusetts

Aseptic Packaging; Automats; Bars; Beatrice; Beehive Ovens; Birds Eye; Birdseye, Clarence; Borden; Clams; ConAgra; Culinary Historians of Boston; General Foods; General Mills; Historiography: Food History Organizations (sidebar); Invalid Cookery; Krispy Kreme; Kraft Foods; Meals on Wheels; Milk: Packaging; Nestlé; Orange Juice: Concentrated Orange Juice (sidebar); Puddings; Punch; Saloons; Taverns; Thai American Food; Waxed Paper; Wiley, Harvey

Mark Caro

Author, The Foie Gras Wars

Foie Gras

Walter Carroll

Department of Sociology, Bridgewater State University

Globalization of American Food

Christine C. Caruso

Department of Environmental Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York

Ethanol as a Biofuel

John F. Cassens

President, Cassens Consulting Company, Fort Lee, New Jersey

Flavorings

Hudson Cattell

Coauthor, The Wines of the East

Champagne and Sparkling Wine: “Champagne” or “Sparkling Wine”? (sidebar); Fournier, Charles; Frank, Konstantin; Wagner, Philip; Wine: Later Developments: Hybridization (sidebar); Wine: Eastern U.S. Wines

Ashley Chaifetz

Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Houston

Ann Chandonnet

Independent Scholar, Juneau, Alaska

Alaska; Honey

Shirley E. Cherkasky

Independent Scholar, Virginia

Food-Related Museums (appendix)

Jim Chevallier

Independent Scholar, California

Biscuits; Bread: Overview

Simone Cinotto

University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy

Bastianich, Lidia; Batali, Mario

Linda Civitello

Author, Cuisine and Culture

Baking Powder

Andrew Coe

Food Writer, Brooklyn, New York

Chinese Food: Restaurant Food; Chop Suey; Chow Mein; Egg Rolls; Lamb and Mutton; Phosphates; Seltzer; Soda Drinks

Alfredo Manuel De Jesus Oliveira Coelho

University of Montpellier, France

Water: Imported

Elena L. Cohen

Department of Political Science, Graduate Center, City University of New York

Consumers Union; Mazurek

Basil Cole

Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, D.C.

Catholic Dietary Laws

Kathleen Collins

Lloyd Sealy Library, John Jay College

Television: Overview

Liane Colwell

Independent Scholar, Sydney, Australia

Davis, Adelle

Steven M. Craig

Gallo, Ernest and Julio; Wine: Later Developments; Wine Barrels; Wine Bottles; Wine Casks; Wine Cellars; Wine Glasses; Wine-Tasting Rooms

James Crawford

Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Central Piedmont Community College

Beech-Nut

Nathan C. Crook

Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University

Bratwurst; Cooking Contests: Chili; Offal and Specialty Meats; Souse

Fred Czarra

International Education Consultant

Oysters, Fried; Pepper, Black; Spices; Stuffed Ham

Tom Dalzell

Independent Scholar, Berkeley, California

Slang

Charles Daniel

Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Emeritus

Chicken

Mitchell Davis

The James Beard Foundation, New York City

Restaurant Awards and Guides; Restaurant Critics and Food Columnists; Restaurants: Overview

Sally S. DeFauw

Independent Scholar, Illinois

Corn Syrup

Dale DeGroff

Founding President, The Museum of the American Cocktail

Cocktails; Collins; Mai Tai; Sazerac; Screwdriver; Singapore Sling; Whiskey Sour; Zombie

Lisa DeLange

Independent Scholar, New York City

Sherry; Vermouth

Jonathan Deutsch

Department of Culinary Arts, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York

Chuck Wagons; Cooking Contests: Barbecue; Firehouse Cooking; New York City

Paul Dickson

Independent Scholar, Garrett Park, Maryland

Combat Food; Space Food; Toasts; Toothpicks

Carolyn Dimitri

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Sustainability

Susan Feakes Dorchutz

Food Editor and Writer

Organic Gardening

Elizabeth McCants Drinnon

Stuckey’s

Doug Duda

DemoGraph

Miami

Carol G. Durst-Wertheim

Food Educator and Consultant

Camping; Catering; Food-Related Organizations (appendix); Food Service Labor Force; Immigrant Labor; South American Foods: Southern (Argentina, Uruguay)

Jennifer Rachel Dutch

American Studies Program, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg

Kerr, Graham

Carolyn Eastwood

Author, Near West Side Stories: Struggles for Community in Chicago’s Maxwell Street Neighborhoods

Street Vendors

Karin Endy

Founder, Edible Resources, New York City

Cooking Schools: Twentieth Century: French Culinary Institute (sidebar)

Rebecca L. Epstein

Film

Meryle Evans

Contributing Editor, Food Arts

Longone, Janice Bluestein

Astrid Ferszt

Independent Scholar, London

Drying; Fermentation; Genetically Modified Foods: Overview

Rien T. Fertel

Food Writer, New York City

Jambalaya

Rachel Monet Finn

Roots Cuisine

Dominican American Food

Hope-Marie Flamm

Writer, New York City

Mimosa

Cheryl Foote

Independent Scholar

Pinole; Southwestern Regional Cookery

Cheryl Forberg

Author, Positively Ageless: A 28-Day Plan for a Younger, Slimmer, Sexier You

Sorghum Flour; Sorghum Syrup

Linda Campbell Franklin

Artist, Writer, and Collector, Baltimore

Apple-Preparation Tools; Biscuit Cutters; Bread-Making Tools; Butter-Making Tools and Churns; Cabbage Cutters and Planes; Can Openers; Cheese-Making Tools; Cherry Pitters or Stoners; Chopping Knives and Food Choppers; Coffee Makers, Roasters, and Mills; Containers: Food Containers; Cookie Cutters; Cornbread Baking Pans; Corn-Preparation Tools; Cupboards and Food Safes; Dishwashing and Cleaning Up; Doughnut-Making Tools; Egg-Preparation Tools; Flytraps and Fly Screens; Frying Baskets; Frying Pans, Skillets, and Spiders; Graters; Juicers; Kettles; Lunch Boxes, Dinner Pails, and Picnic Kits; Mortar and Pestle; Nutcrackers and Grinders; Nutmeg Graters; Peach Parers and Stoners; Pie-Making Tools; Potato-Cooking Tools; Pot Holders; Pressure Cookers; Sieves, Sifters, and Colanders; Timers, Hourglasses, and Egg Timers; Toasters; Turnspit Dogs; Waffle, Wafer, and Pizelle Irons

Rebecca Freedman

Writer, White Plains, New York

Freeze-Drying

Nancy G. Freeman

Food Writer

Filipino American Food

Ellen J. Fried

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Hemp

Elyse Friedman

Author, Dial Out, Dine-In: Chicago Restaurants that Deliver

Cooperatives; Kitchen Gardening

Rachelle E. Friedman

Independent Scholar

Historical Overview: Revolutionary War to the Civil War

Jim Futrell

Author, Amusement Parks of Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware

Amusement Parks

Fran Gage

Food Writer and Cookbook Author, San Francisco

Eggs

Ramin Ganeshram

Food Writer, Connecticut

West Indian American Food

Randy Garbin

Food Writer and Editor, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania

Diners; Roadside Food

Mary Gee

University of California, San Francisco

Chen, Joyce

Judith H. Gerjuoy

Independent Scholar

Apple Pie

Janet C. Gilmore

Folklore Program and Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Booyah Feasts

Erica Giorda

Department of Sociology, Michigan State University

Freeganism

Carolyn M. Goldstein

Independent Historian

Home Economics

Darra Goldstein

Center for Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, Williams College

Gastronomica; Russian American Food

Jenny Elaine Goldstein

Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles

Farm Bills; Fruit Trade; Keller, Thomas

Alexandra Greeley

Food Editor

Bread Machines; Coconuts

Carol A. Greenberg

Etiquette Books

Fred Griffith

Coauthor, Nuts! Recipes from around the World That Feature Nature’s Perfect Ingredient

Chestnuts; Garlic; Onions

Linda Griffith

Coauthor, Nuts! Recipes from around the World That Feature Nature’s Perfect Ingredient

Chestnuts; Garlic; Onions

Madge Griswold (Deceased)

Library Collections

Mark C. Gruber

Wine and Spirits Instructor, Northwestern University

Whiskey

Barbara Haber

Food Historian, Massachusetts

Child, Lydia Maria; Culinary History vs. Food History

Carol Mighton Haddix

Food Writer and Editor

Cookbooks: 1970s to the Present

Laura K. Hahn

Department of Communication, Humboldt State University

American Vegetarian Society

Adrienne Hall

Drexel University

Rugelach

Amy Halloran

Department of Women’s Studies, Russell Sage College

Agricultural Extension

Annie S. Hauck-Lawson

Department of Health and Nutrition Services, Brooklyn College

New York City; Polish American Food

Melanie Haupt

University of Texas, Austin

Crepes: Creperies (sidebar); San Antonio

Judith Hausman

Independent Scholar, New York

Urban Farming

Corinna Hawkes

School of Health Sciences, City University London

Farm Subsidies, Duties, Quotas, and Tariffs; Sanders, Harland; Transportation of Food: Overview

Joanne Lamb Hayes

Food Writer and Historian, New York City

Lincoln, Mary Johnson Bailey; Richards, Ellen Swallow; Vitamins

Rachel Herrmann

Department of History, University of Texas, Austin

Jamestown

Kristen Lee Hess

Food Writer, theartfulgourmet.com

Scottish American Food

Karen Hess (Deceased)

French Fries: Historical Overview; Jefferson, Thomas; Lowenstein, Eleanor; Randolph, Mary; Simmons, Amelia; Wilson, Mary Tolford

Lynn Hoffman

Independent Scholar, Pennsylvania

Brewing

David Gerard Hogan

Department of History, Ohio State University

Alcoholism; Budweiser; Fast Food; Hamburger; Kentucky Fried Chicken; Pizza Hut; Prohibition; Take-Out Food; Temperance; White Castle; Wendy’s; World’s Fairs

Kate Holbrook

Church History Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints

Mormons

Peggy L. Holmes

Independent Scholar, Chillicothe, Illinois

Soybeans

Tonya Hopkins

Food Writer, Brooklyn, New York

Fruit Wines; Kwanzaa; Rum; Wine: Hot Spiced Wine; Wine Coolers; Wineries

Roger Horowitz

Center for the History of Business, Technology, and Society, Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware

Meat

Lynn Marie Houston

Department of English, California State University, Chico

Airplane Food; Kitchens: 1800 to the Present

Sharon Hudgins

Author, The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East

Chili; Salsa

Gina Louise Hunter

Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University

Portuguese American Food

Phyllis Isaacson

James Beard Foundation, New York

Beard, James

Janet Jarvits

Independent Scholar

Brown, Helen Evans

Virginia Scott Jenkins

Author, Bananas: An American History

Bananas; Chesapeake Bay Region; Eggnog; Halloween; Ice; Sally Lunn; Syllabub

Richard J. Jensen

Farm Labor and Unions

Liza Jernow

Food Stylist, New York City

Birthdays; Gibbons, Euell; Heirloom Vegetables; Highball

Eve Jochnowitz

Living Traditions, New York City

Borden: Elsie the Cow (sidebar); Community-Supported Agriculture; Jewish Dietary Laws; Matzo

Maya Joseph

The New School, New York City

Cloned Food

Sharon Kapnick

Food Writer and Sommelier, New York City

Jolly Green Giant; Pillsbury Doughboy; Tschirky, Oscar

David Karp

University of California, Riverside

Cactus; Citrus; Fruit; Grapefruit; Kiwis; Lemons; Limes; Mandarins; Oranges; Persimmons; Plums; Pomegranates

Karen Karp

Karp Resources

Dates; Locavores; Settlement Houses; Soup Kitchens

Robert Kaufelt

Proprieter, Murray’s Cheese, New York City

Cheese: Later Developments

Cathy K. Kaufman

Institute of Culinary Education, New York City

Appetizers; Bakeries; Cake: Election Cake; Cake: Lady Baltimore Cake; Carrots; Ceramics; Chicken Cookery; Christmas; Cooking Schools: Twentieth Century; Cooking Techniques; Cordials, Historical; Creams, Dessert; Cucumbers; Custards; Dining Rooms and Meal Service; Easter; Flowers, Edible; Glassware; Historic Dining Reenactment; Hotel Dining Rooms; Ladyfingers; Leeks; Lenox Company; Mushrooms; New Year’s Celebrations; Nouvelle Cuisine; Pastries; Plates; Restaurants: Rise of Restaurants; Sauces and Gravies; Sprouts; Sugar Beets; Sunflowers; Trenchers; Unions, Restaurant; White House

Michele Kayal

Food Writer

Country Captain

Jennifer C. Keegan

Independent Scholar, Brooklyn, New York

Cake: King Cake

Katy Keiffer

Food Arts Magazine

Radio Food Shows

Patricia M. Kelly

Culinary Historian

Milkshakes, Malts, and Floats; Soda Fountains

C. T. Kennedy

Fruit Grower, California

Blackberries; Figs; Grapes; Mulberries; Pears; Quince

Pamela Goyan Kittler

Coauthor, Food and Culture

Broccoli; Insects; Kvass; Weddings: Overview

Steven Kolpan

Wine Studies, Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, New York

Champagne and Sparkling Wine

Kevin R. Kosar

Author, Whiskey: A Global History; Founder, AlcoholReviews.com

Cider, Hard; Vodka

Beth Kracklauer

Writer and Editor, Saveur

Taffy

Bruce Kraig

Roosevelt University, Chicago, Emeritus; President, Culinary Historians of Chicago

Anderson, Jean; Archer Daniels Midland; Brady, Diamond Jim; Chicago; Cincinnati; Hearn, Lafcadio; Hines, Duncan; Hot Dogs; Ice Cream and Ices: Ice Cream Cone and the St. Louis World’s Fair (sidebar); Kansas City; Luncheonettes; Memphis; Midwestern Regional Cookery; Milwaukee; Minneapolis and St. Paul; Pigs; St. Louis; Sara Lee Corporation; Swift, Gustavus Franklin; Turnips; Vienna Sausage

Kris Kranenburg

University of Wisconsin, Whitewater

Popeyes Chicken and Biscuits

Michael Krondl

Food Writer; Instructor, Astor Center, New York City

Advertising; Crisco; Fats and Oils; Lard and Shortening; Margarine; Post Foods; Vegetable Oils

Peter LaFrance

Independent Scholar, Brooklyn

Ale: Overview; Ale: Amber Red Ale; Ale: Barley Wine Ale; Ale: Brown Ale; Ale: Pale Ale; Ale: Strong Pale Ale; Beer; Beer Cans; Coors Brewing Company; Jackson, Michael; Lager: Amber Lager; Lager: Light Lager; Lager: Low-Carbohydrate Light Lager; Lager: Premium Lager; Märzen; Maytag, Fritz; Microbreweries; Miller Brewing Company; Pilsener; Stout; Yakima Brewing and Malting Company; Yuengling Brewing Company

John Lang

Department of Sociology, Occidental College

Genetically Modified Foods: Recent Developments

Nicolas Larchet

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Cultures et Societes Urbaines, Paris

Food Reform Movements; Pollan, Michael

Desmond R. Layne

Department of Environmental Horticulture, Clemson University

Pawpaws

Hyon Jung Lee

Korean American Food; Salt and Salting

James C. Lee

Independent Scholar

Poke Salad

David Leite

Food Writer and Blogger

Chorizo; Kale; Swanson

Todd LeVasseur

Department of Religion, College of Charleston

Religious Agrarianism

Marc Levy

Sheraton, Mimi; Soltner, André

Walter Levy

Independent Scholar

Picnics

Baylen J. Linnekin

Executive Director, Keep Food Legal

Bans

Arthur Lizie

Department of Communication Studies, Bridgewater State University

Hazan, Marcella; Social Media

William G. Lockwood

Michigan State University Museum

Midwestern Regional Cookery

Yvonne R. Lockwood

Michigan State University Museum

Midwestern Regional Cookery

Lucy M. Long

Center for Food and Culture, Bowling Green, Ohio

Myths and Folklore; Vietnamese American Food

Janice Bluestein Longone

William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan

Cookbooks: To 1860; Cookbooks: From 1860 to World War I

Sylvia Lovegren

Author, Fashionable Foods: Seven Decades of Food Fads

Barbecue; Breakfast Foods; Bridge Luncheons; Bubble Tea; Bully Beef; Chafing Dish; Chipped Beef; Cream Soda; Department of Agriculture, United States; Fondue Pot; Greek American Food; Historical Overview: World War II to the Early 1960s; Historical Overview: From the 1960s to the Present; Irish Coffee; Muslim Dietary Laws; Passenger Pigeon; Pure Food and Drug Act; Refrigerators; Root Beer; Slow Cookers; Tea: Boston Tea Party (sidebar)

Cathy Lee Luchetti

Author, Home on the Range: A Culinary History of the American West

Frontier Cooking

Glenn R. Mack

Le Cordon Bleu, Atlanta

Atlanta

Robynne L. Maii

Chef-Lecturer, Culinary Arts Faculty, Kingsborough Community College, New York

Hawai’ian Food

Maurice Manring

Author, Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima

Aunt Jemima

Andrew Mariani

Scribe Winery, Sonoma, California

Apricots; Cherries; Peaches and Nectarines

Lisa Markowitz

Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville

Farmers’ Markets: Overview

Mimi Martin

Co-owner, Wine & Spirit Archive

Prison Food

Marty Martindale

Independent Scholar, Florida

Barley; Bread: Sliced Bread; Sassafrasses; Tampa Bay

Renee Marton

Astor Center, New York City

Fannie May; Licorice; LifeSavers; M&M Milk Chocolate Candies; Oh Henry!; Schrafft’s; See’s Candies

Anne E. McBride

Director, Experimental Cuisine Collective

Dufresne, Wylie; Molecular Gastronomy; Sous Vide

Kevin T. McIntyre

Food Stamps; Health Food; Hunger Programs; International Aid; Organic Food

Matt McMillen

Writer, Washington, D.C.

Frozen Food

Anne Mendelson

Author, Milk: The Surprising Story of Milk through the Ages

Cookbooks: From World War I to World War II; Cunningham, Marion; De Voe, Thomas F.; Downing, Andrew Jackson; Historical Overview: World War I to World War II; Milk: Raw Milk; Rombauer, Irma; Yogurt

Becky Mercuri

Food Writer, New York

Club Sandwich; Cookbooks: From World War II to the 1960s; Cookies; Cooking Contests: Overview; Dagwood Sandwich; Denver Sandwich; Dr Pepper; Festivals; French Dip; Gyro; Hoagie; Hot Brown Sandwich; Italian Sausage Sandwich; Monte Cristo Sandwich; Muffaletta Sandwich; Oyster Loaf Sandwich; Panini; Philadelphia Cheesesteak Sandwich; Pimiento Cheese Sandwich; Po’Boy Sandwich; Reuben Sandwich; 7UP; Sloppy Joe; Wraps

Virginia Mescher

Food Writer, Burke, Virginia

Switchel

Ellen Messer

Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University

Potatoes

Jeffrey P. Miller

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University

Cooking Schools: Twentieth Century: New England Culinary Institute (sidebar); Library Collections; Major Library Collections (appendix); Restaurant Groups

Nicolaas Mink

Department of Environmental Studies, Knox College

Environmental Issues; Limes: Key Limes (sidebar); Steakhouse Chains

Jennifer Minnick

Independent Scholar

Batidos; Beer Mugs; New Orleans Syrup

Mary Mooney-Getoff (Deceased)

Boston Cooking School; Fireless Cookers; Parloa, Maria

Robin M. Mower

Independent Scholar

Cherry Bounce; Coffee Substitutes; Johnson and Wales; Lemonade; Maple Syrup; Orange Flower Water; Ratafia; Rose Water; Spinach

Sarah Robie Murray

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Television: Recent Developments

Joan Namkoong

Food Writer, Hawaii

Honolulu

Maryanne Nasiatka

Researcher and Writer, Plymouth, Michigan

Uncle Ben

Joan Nathan

Author, Quiches, Kugels, and Couscous: My Search for Jewish Cooking in France

Bagels; Jewish American Food

Alice Delancey Nelson

Independent Scholar, Baltimore

Charleston

Marion Nestle

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Politics

Jacqueline M. Newman

Queens College, Emerita

Chinese Food: Chinese American Food; Chinese Food: Regional Foods; Chinese New Year; Fortune Cookies

Kara Newman

Independent Scholar, New York

Historical Overview: World War I; Piña Colada; Twinkies

Lenore Newman

Department of Geography, University of the Fraser Valley

Elk; Fiddleheads

Cynthia Nims

Mon Appetit, LLC

Seattle

Lucy Norris

Food Writer, Portland, Oregon

Pickles; Pickling

Zachary Nowak

Food Studies Program, Umbra Institute

Rice: Wild Rice

Kaori O’Connor

Department of Anthropology, University College, London

Luau

Maura Carlin Officer

Independent Scholar

Eggplants

Beatrice Ojakangas

Independent Scholar

Scandinavian and Finnish American Food

Sandra L. Oliver

Food Historian and Founding Editor, Food History News

Abalone; Anchovies; Bass; Blackfish; Carp; Catfish; Chemical Leavening; Cisco; Crab; Crappie; Crayfish; Eel; Fish: Freshwater Fish; Fish: Saltwater Flat Fish; Flounder and Sole; Food History News; Great Lakes Commercial Fishery; Grunion; Haddock; Halibut; Herring and Sardines; Lobster; Mackerel; Monkfish; Mullet; Mussels; New England Regional Cookery; Perch; Pickerel; Pike; Pollock; Red Snapper; Salmon; Sauger; Scallops; Seafood; Sea Mammals; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seaweed; Shad; Shellfish; Ship Food; Shrimp and Prawns; Smelt; Squid; Sturgeon; Sunfish; Swordfish; Terrapin; Tilapia; Trout; Walleye; Whale Meat and Whale Oil; Whitefish

Lynne M. Olver

Editor, The Food Timeline

Mock Foods; Second Breakfast

Jane C. Otto

Food Writer and Chef

Liquor Cabinets; Tailgate Picnics

MM Pack

Independent Scholar, Austin, Texas, and San Francisco, California

San Francisco

Howard Paige

Author, Aspects of African American Foodways

African American Food: To the Civil War

Sally Parham

Independent Scholar, New York City

Cake: Red Velvet Cake

Russ Parsons

Food Editor, Los Angeles Times

Ranhofer, Charles

Bob Pastorio (Deceased)

Bistros; Chemical Additives; Distillation; Fourth of July; Humor; Poetry; Songs; Stills

Mark Pendergrast

Author, Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World

Coca-Cola; Coffee: Overview; Coffee: Decaffeinated; Coffee: Instant; Coffeehouses; Cola Wars; Folgers; Maxwell House; Nestlé: Nestlé Coffee Products (sidebar); Starbucks

Charles Perry

Staff Writer, Food Section, Los Angeles Times

Middle Eastern Influences on American Food

Marge Perry

Food Writer and Blogger, New York

Irradiation; Packaging

Matthew Petersen

Food Writer

Little Caesars

Deborah Peterson

Food Writer, Pennsylvania

Isinglass

Ross Petras

Food Writer

Department of Agriculture, United States

Kim Pierce

Food Writer, Dallas, Texas

Blue Bell; Cake: Bundt Cake; Center for Science in the Public Interest; Chicken Fried Steak; Enchilada; Fried Chicken; Hoppin’ John; New American Cuisine; Slow Food USA; Tex-Mex Food

Jeffrey Pilcher

Department of History, University of Minnesota

Mexican American Food

Thomas Pinney

Author, A History of Wine in America: From Prohibition to the Present

Wine: Historical Survey; Wine Books

Susan McLellan Plaisted

Independent Scholar, Pennsylvania

Acorns; Bread: Brown Bread; Cod; Corn; Farmers’ Markets: Recent Developments; Gingerbread; Hickory Nuts; Middle Atlantic States; Tastykake; Whoopie Pie

Dana Polan

Department of Cinema Studies, New York University

Child, Julia: The French Chef (sidebar)

Judith C. Polinsky

Food Writer, Burbank, California

Agave; Candy Bars and Candy: Cotton Candy (Sidebar); Santa Fe; Shuckey Beans

Kirk W. Pomper

Organic Agriculture Working Group, Kentucky State University

Pawpaws

Colleen Joyce Pontes

Independent Scholar

Gas Grill; Sandwich Trucks

Barry Popik

Independent Scholar, Austin, Texas

Chicken: Chicken à la King (sidebar); English Muffins; Pies and Tarts: Chess Pie (sidebar)

Lesley Porcelli

Writer and Editor, Syracuse, New York

Devil’s Food

James D. Porterfield

Author, From the Dining Car

Dining Cars; Harvey, Fred; Pullman, George

Maricel Presilla

Culinary Historian and Chef, Hoboken, New Jersey

Chocolate: Recent Developments; Cuban American Food

Gavriel Price

Food Writer, New York City

Orthodox Union

Kathleen Purvis

Food Editor, Charlotte Observer

Funeral Food

Margaret Puskar-Pasewicz

Department of Food Studies, Chatham University

Cookbooks: Ethnic Cookbooks; Shakers

Jeri Quinzio

Writer, Boston

Iceboxes; Ice Cream and Ices; Ice Cream Makers; Ice Cream Molds; Ice Cream Sodas; Tequila; Tequila Sunrise; Tudor, Frederick

Meg Ragland

Writer and Researcher, Boston

Irish American Food

Jean Railla

Writer, New York City

Frito Pie; Navajo Tacos

Nancy Ralph

New York Food Museum, New York City

School Food

Jessy Randall

Special Collections, Tutt Library, Colorado College

Boilermaker; Brandy Alexander; Drinking Songs; Grasshopper; Lime Rickey; Moonshine

Jeremy Rapport

Department of Religious Studies, The College of Wooster

Seventh-Day Adventists

Sara Rath

Author, The Complete Cow and The Complete Pig

Asparagus; Casseroles; Cream; Dumplings; Piggly Wiggly; Rhubarb; Velveeta

Krishnendu Ray

New York University

Indian American Food: Overview

Joan Reardon

Author, Poet of the Appetites: The Lives and Loves of M. F. K. Fisher

Fisher, M. F. K.; Oyster Bars; Oysters

Patricia Bixler Reber

Food Historian, Maryland

Biscuits, Beaten; Jellies

John U. Rees

Columnist, Food History News

Hardtack; Historical Overview: Revolutionary War Food; Historical Overview: The Civil War and Reconstruction; Supawn

Esther Della Reese

Independent Scholar

Beer, Corn and Maple; Beer Barrels; Chocolate Drinks; Clambake; Milk: Powdered; Spruce; Washington’s Birthday

Gary Regan

Publisher, ArdentSpirits.com

Bourbon; Cordials; Gin; Manhattan; Martini

Mardee Haidin Regan

Publisher, ArdentSpirits.com

Bourbon; Cordials; Gin; Manhattan; Martini

Lee Reich

Writer and Gardener, New Paltz, New York

Blueberries; Cranberries; Currants; Raspberries; Strawberries

Kay Rentschler

Food Writer

Endives; Radishes; Ramps; Sorrel; Vegetables

Oswald Rivera

Author, Puerto Rican Cuisine in America: Nuyorican and Bodega Recipes

Puerto Rican Food

Richard Robinson

New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Emeritus

Melons

Anthony Rodale

Chairman Emeritus, Rodale Institute, Kutztown, Pennsylvania

Organic Gardening

Edgar Rose

Independent Scholar

Pecans

Peter G. Rose

Food Historian, South Salem, New York

Dutch Influences on American Food

Meryl S. Rosofsky

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Blenders; Sustainability

Alice Ross

Alice Ross Hearth Studies, Inc.

Beecher, Catharine; Boardinghouses; Canning and Bottling: Home Canning (sidebar); Cookbooks: Children’s Cookbooks; Cooking Equipment, Social Aspects of; Corks; Doughnuts; Dutch Ovens; Frying Pans, Skillets, and Spiders; Fundraisers; Gender Roles; Goats; Grinders; Hasty Pudding; Hearth Cookery; Kettles; Kitchens: Early Kitchens; Measurement; Moravian American Food; Native American Foods; Pancake Pans; Parsnips; Pie-Making Tools; Pioneers and Survival Food; Pots and Pans; Preserves; Rastus; Toasters; Waffle, Wafer, and Pizelle Irons

Peter Ross

Instructor, New England School of Metalwork

Containers: Cooking Containers

Signe Rousseau

School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town

Ray, Rachael

Nora Rubel

Department of Religion and Classics, University of Rochester

Purim

William Rubel

Author, Bread: A Global History

Yeast

Kenneth M. Rubin

Natural Epicurean Academy of Culinary Arts

Portland, Oregon

Miriam Rubin

Food Writer and Columnist, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, New Freeport, Pennsylvania

Pittsburgh

A. R. Ruis

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Nutrition Classes and Clinics

Paul Ruschmann

Writer and Creator, BeerFestivals.org

Beer Gardens; Beer Halls

Rachael Ryan

Daiquiri; Tiki Drinks

Lynne Sampson

Food Writer and Blogger, Joseph, Oregon

Celebrity Chefs; Child, Julia; Lagasse, Emeril; Prudhomme, Paul; Waters, Alice

Emily Sandusky

Karp Resources

Locavores

Mary Sanker

Writer and Librarian

Cincinnati Chili; Desserts; Goetta

Joy Santlofer

Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University

Cereal, Cold; Mars; Pillsbury; Vending Machines

Sophie Sapp

Graduate Group in Cultural Studies, University of California, Davis

Haitian American Food

Doreen Schmid

Freelance Writer/Curator

Trillin, Calvin

Stephen Schmidt

Independent Scholar, New York

Cake: Overview; Cake: Angel Food Cake; Cake: Chiffon Cake; Cornbread; Muffins

Sara Schmitz

Department of Human Biology, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay

Brussels Sprouts; Hmong American Food

Amanda Watson Schnetzer

Cajun and Creole Food

Mary Anne Schofield

Literature

Sophia V. Schweitzer

Independent Scholar, Kapaau, Hawaii

Energy Drinks; Food Trucks

Teagan Schweitzer

Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania

Deviled Ham; Truck Stops

Gyorgy Scrinis

Office for Environmental Programs, University of Melbourne, Australia

Nutritionism

Colleen Taylor Sen

Independent Scholar, Chicago

Canadian American Food; Indian American Food: Recent Developments; Nepali American Food; Pakistani American Food

Laura Shapiro

Food Writer

Farmer, Fannie

Kantha Shelke

Corvus Blue LLC, Chicago

Butchering; Food Banks and Relief Foods; Functional Beverages; Functional Foods; GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe); Labeling; Pepperoni; Salami; Sausage; Smoking; Sweeteners

Veronica Sidhu

Garden State Sikh Association

Sikh American Food

Julia Flynn Siler

Author, The House of Mondavi

Mondavi, Robert; Mondavi Wineries

Laura Silver

Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, Brandeis University

Charlotte Russe; Mallomars

Clara Silverstein

Food Writer, Boston, Massachusetts

Birch Beer; Coffee: Coffee Gelatin (sidebar); Frappes; Marshmallow Fluff

Bob Simmons (Deceased)

Ale Slipper; Breakfast Foods: Avena (sidebar)

Bonnie J. Slotnick

Owner, Bonnie Slotnick Cookbooks, New York City

Betty Crocker; Delmonico’s; Graham, Sylvester; Journalism; Lüchow’s; Pillsbury Bake-Off; Rorer, Sarah Tyson; Stoves and Ovens: Wood and Coal

Andrew F. Smith

The New School, New York

A&W Root Beer Stands; Advertising Cookbooklets and Recipes; Agricultural Experimentation and Research; Almonds; Applebee’s; Applejack; Aquaculture; Arby’s; Artichokes; Atkins, Robert; Atwater, Wilbur O.; Avocados; Baby Ruth; Bananas; Baskin-Robbins; Batterberry, Michael and Ariane; Ben & Jerry’s; Bergeron, Victor J.; Big Boy; Bitting, Katherine; Blimpie International, Inc.; Bloody Mary and Virgin Mary; Bon Appétit; Borden, Gail; Boston Market; Brazil Nuts; Breyers; Brown, Bob, Cora, and Rose; Budweiser; Bullock, Helen; Burbank, Luther; Burger King; Burrito; Butterfinger; Cabbage; Cake: Cheesecake; California; California Pizza Kitchen; Calorie Posting in Chain Restaurants; Campbell Soup Company; Campbell Soup Kids; Canapé; Canning and Bottling; Cannon, Poppy; Carl’s Jr.; Carvel Corporation; Carver, George Washington; Cashews; Celery; Chicken Cookery: Chicken à la King (sidebar); Chicken McNuggets; Chocolate: Historical Overview; Chuck E. Cheese Pizza; Church’s Chicken; Cider; Condiments; Containers: Shipping Containers; Convenience Stores; Cookbooks: Diet Cookbooks; Cooking Schools: Nineteenth Century; Cook’s Illustrated; Corson, Juliet; Counterculture; Cracker Jack; Crackers; Cranberries: Cranberries in History (sidebar); Culinary Institute of America; Cummings, Richard Osborn; Dairy; Dairy Industry; Dairy Queen; Delicatessens; Del Monte Foods; Diets, Fad; Dips; Domino’s Pizza; Drake’s Cakes; Drink Bibliography (appendix); Dr Pepper; Duck; Dunkin’ Donuts; Evans, Oliver; Factory Farms; Famous Amos; Farm Mechanization; Filberts; Fish and Chips; Flavr Savr; Fondue; Food and Drug Administration; Food Bibliography (appendix); Food Network; Food Pyramids; Food Stamps; Franchising; Franey, Pierre; Freezers and Freezing; French Fries: Recent Developments; French Influences on American Food; Frito-Lay; Frogs’ Legs; Fruit Juices; Gallo, Ernest and Julio; Game; Girl Scout Cookies; Good & Plenty; Good Housekeeping Research Institute; Good Humor; Goose; Gourmet; Grocery Stores; Grog; Gum; Gummy Candy; Häagen-Dazs; Hardee’s; High-Fructose Corn Syrup; Hires’ Root Beer; Historical Overview: Colonial Period to the Revolutionary War; Historiography; H. J. Heinz Company; Homestead Act; Hostess; Hunt’s; Imports into the United States; Inaugural Dinners and Balls; In-N-Out Burger; International Association of Culinary Professionals; Jack in the Box; Jelly Beans; Johnson, Robert Gibbon, and the Tomato; Jollibee; Jones, Judith and Evan; Journalism; Just Born; Karcher, Carl; Keebler; Kellogg, John Harvey; Kellogg Company; Ketchup; Klondike Bar; Kool-Aid; Kraft Foods; Krispy Kreme; Kroc, Ray; Lappé, Frances Moore; Lettuce; Liebling, A. J.; Los Angeles; Macadamia Nuts; MacAusland, Earle; Macfadden, Bernarr; Margarita; Mason Jars; Mayonnaise; McCormick, Cyrus; McDonaldization; McDonald’s; Meal Patterns; Microwave Ovens; Midwestern Regional Cookery: The Best Single Restaurant in the World (sidebar); Milk: Overview; Milky Way; Mr. Peanut; Model Kitchens; Moon Pie; Morrill Land-Grant College Acts; Mrs. Fields’ Cookies; Muffins, Bran; Mulligan Stew; Multinational Food Corporations; Mustard; Nachos; Nathan’s Famous; Nestle, Marion; New England Confectionary Company (NECCO); Nidetch, Jean; Nutrition; Nuts; Oats; Obesity: Recent Developments; Okra; O’Neill, Molly; Onion Rings; Orange Juice; Orange Julius; Oreos; Oscar Mayer; Pancakes; Peach Melba; Peanut Butter; Peanuts; Peas; Pepperidge Farm; Pepsi and PepsiCo; Peter Paul Candy Company; Pies and Tarts: Chess Pie (sidebar); Pineapple; Pine Nuts; Pistachios; Pizza; Plastic Bags; Popcorn; Popsicle; Poultry and Fowl; Pretzels; Pumpkins; Red Dye Controversy; Redenbacher, Orville; Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups; Reese’s Pieces; Restaurants: Le Pavillon (sidebar); Rice: Overview; Rice: Rice Dishes; Rodale, Jerome I.; Ronald McDonald; Root, Waverly; Royal Crown Cola; Roy Rogers; Salads and Salad Dressings; Salt Controversies; Sandwiches; Sangria; Saveur; Sbarro; 7UP; Shakey’s; Smorgasbord; Snacks, Salty; Snapple; Snickers; Sonic; Soulé, Henri; Soups and Stews; Soy Sauce; Stoves and Ovens: Gas and Electric; Submarine Sandwiches; Subway; Supermarkets; Sushi and Sashimi; Sweet Potatoes; Taco Bell; Tacos; Tamales; Tastee-Freez; Thanksgiving; Thomas, Dave; Tomatoes; Tombstone Pizza; Tootsie Roll; Transportation of Food: Air; Transportation of Food: Canals; Transportation of Food: Highways and Trucks; Transportation of Food: Railroads; Transportation of Food: Ships; Tuna; Turkey; TV Dinners; Vanilla; Venison; Walnuts; Water: Bottled; Watermelon; Wendy’s; Wheat; Wienerschnitzel; Wilcox, Estelle Woods; Woman’s Christian Temperance Union; World Trade Organization; Yum! Brands, Inc.

Jeffery Sobal

College of Human Ecology, Cornell University

Food and Nutrition Systems

Mark F. Sohn

Food Writer, Pikeville, Kentucky

Appalachian Food

Lois Stanford

Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University

Albuquerque

Gerd Stern

Cheese: Historical Overview

Kimberly Lord Stewart

Author, Eating Between the Lines

Allergies; Fair Trade Foods; Functional Beverages; National Food Days; Waffles

Joy E. Stocke

Independent Scholar, New Jersey

Turkish American Food

Bob Stoddard

Independent Scholar

Pepsi and PepsiCo

Dan Strehl

Author, Encarnación’s Kitchen: Mexican Recipes from Nineteenth-Century California

Pinedo, Encarnación

Helen H. Studley

Food Writer, New York City

Buffalo; Claiborne, Craig

Lauren Sudekum

Independent Scholar, New York

Hot Cross Buns

Charles L. Sullivan

Author, A Companion to California Wine

Wine: California Wines

Jean Tang

Independent Scholar, New York City

Tang

Sylvia R. Tawse

Fresh Ideas Group, Boulder, Colorado

Denver

John Martin Taylor

Independent Scholar

Hess, Karen; Savannah; Southern Regional Cookery

Bret Thorn

Food Editor, Nation’s Restaurant News

Comfort Food

Ruth Tobias

Food Writer, Denver, Colorado

Beans; Brandy; Cafeterias; Corned Beef; Crullers; Dressings and Stuffings; Eating Disorders; Ginger Ale; Hot Toddies; Old-Fashioned; Pickles, Sweet; Roadhouses; Sarsaparilla; Toast

Rebecca Tolley-Stokes

University Libraries, East Tennessee State University

Blogs

Elisabeth Townsend

Food Writer, Boston, Massachusetts

Breakfast Drinks; Juice Bars; Low-Calorie Syrup

Alison Tozzi Liu

James Beard Foundation, New York City

Historical Overview: Victorian America to World War I

Leena Trivedi-Grenier

Freelance Food Writer

Food Studies Programs at Universities; Hindu Dietary Laws

Michael W. Twitty

Independent Scholar, Maryland

African American Food: Recent Developments; Baltimore; Collard Greens; Lewis, Edna; Washington, DC

Alexa Van De Walle

Food Writer and Blogger, New York

Clarifying

Karin Vaneker

Independent Scholar, The Netherlands

Taro

Brian Wansink

Food and Brand Lab, Cornell University

Marketing

Scott Warner

Independent Scholar, Chicago

Bayless, Rick; Meyer, Danny; Pépin, Jacques; Puck, Wolfgang; Szathmary, Louis; Trotter, Charlie; Willan, Anne; Yan, Martin

Nachum J. Waxman

Recipes

William Woys Weaver

Keystone Center for the Study of Regional Foods

Philadelphia

Lynn Weiner

Department of History, Roosevelt University, Chicago

Baby Food

Judith Weinraub

Independent Scholar, New York

Baum, Joseph; Fussell, Betty; Restaurants: Four Seasons (sidebar); Restaurant Groups: Restaurant Associates (sidebar)

Jay Weinstein

Author, The Ethical Gourmet

Bottling; Jelly Rolls; Karo Syrup; Plastic Bags; Rice Cookers; Water: Overview

Laura B. Weiss

Food Writer, New York City

Mozzarella; Pumpkin Pie

Jan Whitaker

Author, Tea at the Blue Lantern Inn: A Social History of the Tea Room Craze in America

Tea

Merry White

Department of Anthropology, Boston University

Japanese American Food

Pat Willard

Author, America Eats! On the Road with the WPA

America Eats!; Communal Gatherings and Integration; Homemade Remedies; Pies and Tarts

Elizabeth M. Williams

Southern Food and Beverage Museum

Law: Recent Developments

Jacqueline Block Williams

Author, The Way We Ate: Pacific Northwest Cooking, 1843–1900

Arbuckles’; Camas Root; Mint Julep; Pacific Northwestern Regional Cookery; Pennell, Elizabeth

Tricia L. Williams

Lobster Roll; Nuevo Latino Cuisine

Michael Karl Witzel

Author, The American Drive-In

Drive-Ins

Izabela Wojcik

James Beard Foundation, New York City

Bialy

Wendy A. Woloson

Library Company of Philadelphia

Candy Bars and Candy; Hershey Foods Corporation; Sugar; Weddings: Wedding Cake

Carolyn Wyman

Author, Jello: A Biography and Spam: A Biography

Jell-O; Spam

Susan Yager

Department of Food Studies, Nutrition, and Public Health, New York University

Fredericks, Carlton; Peters, Lulu Hunt

Sandra Yin

Editor, DecisionHealth

Dr. Brown’s; Nabisco; Plastic Covering; Slang: Military Slang (sidebar)

Khaled M. Younes

Baba Ghanoush; Baklava; Couscous; Egyptian American Food; Falafel; Grape Leaves; Hummus; Kebab; Kibbe; Pita Bread; Tabouli; Tahini

Carolin C. Young

Dining Historian, Paris

Bread: Anadama Bread; Silverware; Tupperware

Russell Zanca

Department of Anthropology, Northeastern Illinois University

Central Asian Food

Mark H. Zanger

Independent Scholar, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts

African American Food: Since Emancipation; Alcohol and Teetotalism; Apple Dumplings; Arugula; Baked Alaska; Bierocks; Booyah; Brazilian American Food; Brownies; Brunswick Stew; Buffalo Chicken Wings; Calas; Campbell, Tunis G.; Caribbean Influences on American Food; Cassava; Cauliflower; Chitterlings; Clams Casino; Cowpeas; Datil Chile; de Groot, Roy Andries; Ethnic Foods; Fried Chicken; Fudge; Funnel Cakes; German American Food; Hermit Cookies; Hominy Grits; Hot Tamales; Hush Puppies; Iberian Influences on American Food; Indian Pudding; Italian American Food; Johnnycakes and Hoecakes; Knish; Liberty Cabbage; Macaroni and Cheese; Natchitoches Meat Pies; Pennsylvania Dutch Food; Pretzels; Scrapple; Shoo-Fly Pie; Succotash; Tamale Pie; Tangelo; Tolbert, Frank X.; Vichyssoise; Yumasetti

Benjamin E. Zeller

Department of Religion, Lake Forest College

Religion

Willa Zhen

Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, New York

Broccoli: Chinese Broccoli (sidebar)