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Beef

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“Beef,” as defined by the USDA, is the meat of full-grown cattle (domesticated bovines, or cows), between eighteen months and two years old. A live steer weighs an average of 454 kilograms (1000 pounds). “Baby beef” and “calf” are terms used to refer to young cattle weighing approximately 318 kilograms (700 pounds).

It is unclear when humans first domesticated beef cattle. Some historians believe that domestication took place around 8000 BCE; there are records of its existence as early as 6500 BCE in the Middle East. The cattle breeds most often used today originated in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Although there are nearly fifty breeds of beef cattle, fewer than ten make up the core of today’s cattle industry in the United States, including the Black Angus, the Hereford, the Texas Longhorn, and the Wagyu breeds of Japan. (The word Wagyu refers to all Japanese beef cattle; wa means “Japanese” or “Japanese-style,” and gyu means “cattle.” The meat from Wagyu cattle is known worldwide for its marbling, tenderness, and juiciness. Kobe beef, which has the highest market value of any breed, is the name given to beef from Wagyu cattle raised in the Kobe region of Japan.

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