Chapter 1

1. For a study of the Amish relationship to Pennsylfaanisch, refer to Laura Jottini, A Language and Cultural Island in Modern American Society: The Amish (Milan, 1988).

2. Ludwig Wollenweber, GemÔlde aus dem Pennsylvanischen Volksleben (Philadelphia and Leipzig, 1869).

3. David Lick and Thomas Brendle, “Plant Names and Plant Lore Among the Pennsylvania Germans,” Proceedings of the Pennsylvania German Society XXXIII (1923).

4. Annemarie Wurmbach, “Kuchen-Fladen-Torte,” Zeitschrift für Volkskunde LVI (1960).