Extracts are flavorful oils and other substances dissolved in alcohol. These include vanilla, lemon, bitter almond, cinnamon, and coffee. Coffee extract can be approximated if it is not available. Dissolve 5 ounces (150 g) instant coffee powder in 12 ounces (360 g) water.
Emulsions are flavorful oils mixed with water with the aid of emulsifiers such as vegetable gums. Lemon and orange are the most frequently used emulsions. Their flavor is strong. For example, it takes less lemon emulsion than lemon extract to give the same flavor.
