LIKE SAUTÉ, “ROAST” IS DEFINED BY WHAT instructors in culinary schools call dry heat—that is, cooking without the cooling, moderating effects of water. It can be divided into two sub-techniques: high-heat roasting and low-heat roasting.
Terminology about roasting is erratic given that there’s no difference between roasting and baking. Roasting may once have referred solely to meats cooked over an open flame, whereas baking referred to anything cooked in an enclosed oven. Today we typically say we roast meats and we bake doughs and batters. That will be the distinction here (even though we do bake ham, we don’t roast meat loaf, and we both bake and roast potatoes).