The bright, briny flavors of anchovies and capers, combined with fresh lemon juice and parsley, lend a refreshing salinity to this dish, balancing the sweeter caramelized notes of the roasted cauliflower.
Heat broiler. Place cauliflower florets on a baking sheet and toss with ¼cup oil, the salt, and pepper; broil, 4″ from heat, stirring as needed, until cauliflower is chewy and slightly charred, about 10 minutes. Transfer to a serving platter and keep warm.