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Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America

By Andrew F. Smith

Published 2004

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Crappie is a small fish in the family Centrarchidae, which also includes bass and sunfish, and is a popular sport and food fish. Among sport fishers who call themselves “panfish anglers,” black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) are favorites.

Crappie is found all over the United States, but black crappie originated in eastern America. It has been introduced to the western states, as has white crappie, which used to inhabit a range from New York to the Dakotas and south toward Texas. Black crappie prefers cold water but tolerates warmer, more saline water. Although it is found along the Gulf of Mexico and some East Coast areas, black crappie is more populous in northern lakes. White crappie is found more commonly in the South in freshwater rivers, lakes, and bayous.

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