Hydrocolloids

Carrageenan Iota Derived from red seaweeds, this ingredient is best used to set milk-based liquids due to its calcium-dependent properties. It produces a soft and elastic gel at 70°C (158°F). It comes in powder form and is good for thickening. It is gluten free and vegan approved.

Carrageenan Kappa As above, but produces a firm and brittle gel at 70°C (158°F).

Cornflour (cornstarch) More of a thickener, but included here as it gels in some products, such as Turkish delight. Derived from corn, it is vegan approved and is used in powder form.