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Martin Luther’s Christmas Tree

Appears in
The Christmas Cook: Three Centuries of American Yuletide Sweets
The Christmas Cook

By William Woys Weaver

Published 1990

  • About
  • 1. The woodcut on this page was issued by the Lutheran Board of Publication as a frontispiece in a children’s book called Luthers Christ-Baum (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1855).
  • 2. Thoroughly discussed in Kurt Mantel, Geschichte des Weihnachtsbaumes (Hannover: Verlag M. u. H. Schaper, 1975).
  • 3. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland, vol. 2 (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1882), 1280-81.
  • 4. See, for example, Alfred L. Shoemaker, Christmas in Pennsylvania (Kutztown, Pa.: Pennsylvania Folklife Society, 1959). He discusses a full range of customs.
  • 5. There is a gingerbread mold (HG 9341) in the collection of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nürnberg that illustrates one of these decorated Christmas fronds, abundantly hung with candy cherries. Another popular name for this nonevergreen bush was Zuckerbaum (sugar tree). See also Rudolf Schenda, “Die Geschichte des Weihnachtsbaumes,” in Weihnachten in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, ed. Herbert Schwedt (Tübingen: Ludgwig Uhland Instituts für Volkskunde/Universität Tübingen, 1964), 12-13.
  • 6. See, for example, Albert Becker, “Pfälzer Weihnachtsbräuche,” in Pfälzisches Museum/Pfälzische Heimatkunde, Heft 5/6 (1922), 149-50; Theodore Zink, “Weihnachten in der Pfalz,” Unser Pfalz: Beilage zur Pfälzer Volksboten 12 (1923); and Ernst Christmann, “Name und Alter des Christbaumes in der Pfalz,” Oberdeutsche Zeitschrift für Volkskunde 5 Jg./Heft 2 (1931), 81-87.
  • 7. Rolf Kunze, “Die Volkskunst des Schnitzens im Erzgebirge,” Glück Auf: Beiträge zur Folklorepflege (Schneeberg, DDR, 1984), Heft 7/8: 22-26.
  • 8. Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Das Weihnachtsfest (Luzern/Frankfurt: C. J. Bucher, 1978), 107.
  • 9. Schenda, “Die Geschichte,” 12-13.
  • 10. Fully discussed in Ernst Thiele, Waffeleisen und Waffelgebäcke in Mitteleuropa (Köln: Oda-Verlag, 1959).
  • 11. A reliable analysis of Luther’s actual relationship to Christmas may be found in Erika Kohler’s Martin Luther und der Festbrauch (Köln/Graz: Böhlau Verlag, 1959).
  • 12. “Confectionery for the Holidays,” Christian Advocate and Journal (New York), 28 December 1865.
  • 13. Karl Meissen, Nikolauskult und Nikolausbrauch im Abendlande (Düsseldorf: Druck und Verlag von L. Schwann, 1931), 217.
  • 14. “Anniversary Festival of Saint Nicholas,” The Knickerbocker 29 (January 1847), 83.
  • 15. Helga Tenschert, Engelsbrot und Eisenkuchen (München/Wien/Zürich: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, 1983).
  • 16. J. Dyneley Prince, “The Jersey Dutch Dialect,” Dialect Notes 3:6 (1910), 472.
  • 17. Rose’s translation of De Verstandige Kock is available under the title The Sensible Cook: Dutch Foodways in the Old and the New World (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1989).

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